![]() Mesopotamia (land between rivers) was a historical region situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The first population that established in Mesopotamia were the Sumerians and Akkadians from the beginning of written history (3000 BC) to the fall of Babylon (539 BC), when it was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire. Uruk was the most important city during the first millennium of this civilization. Mesopotamia is the site of the earliest developments of the Neolithic Revolution (10,000 BC). During the Mesopotamian Empire two important cultures lived together: Assur and Babylon. Each one developed in their own way, but both of them end up being dominated by the Persian Empire. Invention of the wheel, the planting of the first cereal crops and the development of cursive script, mathematics, astronomy and agriculture were relevant accomplishments of this civilization. Religion: Every region had their own culture, language and beliefs. However, the majority were polytheistic religions. The gods that were worshipped were anthropomorphic. Their gods were vengeful and cruel with humans who didn’t follow their orders. Government: The Mesopotamians believed their kings and queen were descended from the City of Gods. City-states of Mesopotamia created the first law codes, drawn from legal precedence and decisions made by kings. The codes of Urukagina and Lipit Ishtar have been found. The most renowned of these was that of Hammurabi. Hammurabi Code: It is recompilation of laws. It was created during the government of Hammurabi, Babylonian monarch. They believe that some of the rules had divine origin so they couldn’t be changed. Science: The knowledge bloomed mainly in math. Geometry and Mathematics were applied in business. Astronomy allowed them to distinguish planets and stars. During the Babylonian Empire they could prevent astronomic events. They developed a lunar calendar and a solar calendar. Along with contemporary Egyptian medicine, the Babylonians introduced the concepts of diagnosis, prognosis, physical examination, and prescriptions. Architecture: Brick was the main material they used due to the location and availability. The study of the Mesopotamian architecture is based on archaeological evidence, pictorial representation of buildings, and texts on building practices.
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